Animals and Myriad Ways they can Kill or Heal Us Essay - 2

Animals and Myriad Ways they can Kill or Heal Us - Essay Example Though, the defence mechanism can differ, but it still causes serious injury to the victim (prey) or survivor (attacker). Some animals use their claws, sharp teeth or horns and other strong body parts (tail or legs) to shield and defend from the potential danger; others, intimate their opponent with stings, bites or even with a single lethal touch. The term poisonous or venomous animal is generally used to refer the category of animals, which use their poisonous toxins or venom for attack or defence. However, there is a significant difference in the meaning of poison and venom. The former is absorbed by a touch and the later is injected through a bite, sting or stab. Thus, venom containing animals purposely inject their injurious toxins and poisonous animals contain poison in their skin, which is absorbed upon a single touch. The effect of the venom differs, as it is mainly dependent upon the amount of venom injected and the physical health of the victim. Therefore, venomous animal are active slayer and poisonous animal are passive slayer. Majority of the venoms are highly complex proteins that instantly or slowly deficit nervous system of humans or animals and adversely affect the blood circulation of the victim. Marbled cone snail or conus marmoreus is categorized as the most lethal animal in the world due to its potency of venom, but specific neurotoxins or conotoxins of its unique venom are utilized by the pharmacists to produce drugs, which have the potential to cure terminal pains. These beautiful tropical and sub tropical species have approximately 700 carnivorous predator kinds and almost eighteen of them cause human envenomation. Biologically known as Conus marmoreus, are generally termed as marbled cone snail, they nourish and breed on the reef of the oceans and are known as marine snails. These species belong to family of Conidae and fall into the phylum Mollusca. Their

EU limits of enlargement

EU limits of enlargement Enlargement of the European Unionis the process of expanding theEuropean Union via the accession of newmember states. This process began with thefirst Six, who were the founding powers of theEuropean Coal and Steel Communitywhich was a precursor to the EU in 1952. Since then the EUs membership has increased to twenty seven with the more recent expansions includingBulgariaandRomaniain 2007.Currently there are negotiations under way with several countries who wish to begin the process of joining the EU. The process of enlargement is often calledEuropean integration. However, this term is also used to refer to the increased levels of co-operation between EU member states as individual national governments allow for the integration of more common national laws. (EU Online 2010) To be able to join the European Union a country needs to fulfil several economic and political conditions which are collectively called theCopenhagen criteria(after theCopenhagensummit in June 1993). Any prospecti ve member also needs to have a stable democratic government that respects the rule of international law, and its corresponding freedoms and institutions. According to theMaastricht Treaty, each current member state and theEuropean Parliamentmust agree to any enlargement. (EU Online 2010) Enlargement is counted among the EUs most successful foreign policies but it has also suffered from severe opposition.France has historically been opposed to enlargement. British membership vetoed by France because they feared the influence of the United States.(IISS 2008) France was also opposed to Portuguese, Spanish and Greek membership because they feared that these states were not ready and it would dilute the EU down to a free trade area(ESI 2006). The reason for the first member states to apply and for them to be accepted was economical while the second enlargement was much more to do with politics (IISS 2008). The southern Mediterranean countries in Europe had just emerged from dictatorships and single party governments and wanted to preserve the security of their democratic systems through the EU, while the EU wanted to ensure that their southern counterparts were stable democracies and to steer them away from any possible communist influence.These two principle factors, eco nomic and political security have been the driving force behind enlargements. However with the more recent enlargements in 2004 public opinion in Europe has turned against further expansion. It has also been acknowledged that enlargement has its limits, the EU cannot expand endlessly (ESI 2006). To understand the limits of enlargement we need to understand the effect that enlargement has on the eruopean union Since the spring of 2005, when the proposed European Constitutional Treaty was rejected in referenda in France and the Netherlands, debate on the drawbacks of enlargement has gained in intensity. Senior politicians across Europe have called for a slow-down, freeze or even a permanent halt to enlargement. Voices opposing enlargement regularly make headlines, creating the impression that the future of enlargement is hanging in the balance. (ESI 2006) One of the factors that turn public opinion against European enlargement is immigration. The members of the old Europe fear the influx of migrants that adding more members to the European Union would bring. The fact that several of the older member states public (Britain, France) are already hostile to foreign labour only makes this worse. Indeed immigration was the main reason that the constitution was defeated in the French and Dutch referenda in 2005. This migration also creates problems for prospective members as huge numbers of skilled workers leave for other EU countries. The new members will after the initial economic boom that comes with joining the EU fall into economic decline and demand more and more money from the EU budget to keep its economy afloat. (Palmer 2006) Further enlargement would also put more pressure on the European Unions already struggling administrative system the simple fact is that the European Union does not have the governance capacity to effectively run a union of twenty seven without adding another ten or fifteen new member states. With the failure of its planned constitution and the unpopularity of the Lisbon treaty it clearly lacks the required degree of integration needed for effective decision making and implementation. And the essential development of a transnationalEuropean democracyis still falling far behind the limited progress made in strengthening the EUs executive powers. (Palmer 2006) There seems little doubt that at that point classical EU enlargement will have reached its end. Of course major questions about the relationship to the EU of countries further east -Ukraine, Moldova,Belarusand the countries of theCaucasus(Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan) remain (Palmer 2006). But they will have to be solved through a different process involving more limited sovereignty-sharing with the EU. Indeed, this could become a more attractive model for Turkey in the nextdecade. It would be disastrous for peace stability and the spread of democracy in the wider European neighbourhood if enlargement shuddered to a halt now.(palmer 2006) But we need a definition of a wider European Commonwealth that does not bind both sides into the detailed legal structures drawn up fifty years ago for European countries facing quite different challenges.

In The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The Tell :: English Literature

In The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl by Ray Bradbury and The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe both authors have to convince the reader that the main character is mad. How do they do that? Which portrayal is more effective? Why? This essay will explore which madman is portrayed the best. Both stories deal with an obsession and a madness of some sort. In ' The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl' by Ray Bradbury the main character is William Action who frantically cleans trying to cover up the murder. Not knowing he is going mad. In ' The Tell Tale Heart' the man has an obsession with his masters eye, which drives him mad but he does not believe himself that he is mad. In 'The Tell Tale Heart' the characters motive is his masters "vulture's eye" which is shown by saying " I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! Also when he says " One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture. In 'The Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl" the characters motive is that his wife is having an affair this is shown by the character saying, " Where's my wife, Huxley? " and " I need one. I can't believe Lily's gone that she-". The first characters motive suggests madness because why would you want to kill a man just because of his eye. The second one stands to reason because if you find out your wife was having an affair the first thing you would want to do is kill the other person In ' The Tell Tale Heart' the narration is first person, so that the readers can put themselves there, the character addresses them directly, It also give you an insight into the characters most inner thoughts and feelings. In ' Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl ' the narration is third person with stream of consciousness. This allows you to feel as thought you are watching the events unfold and that you become omnipotent. The narration method of ' The Tell Tale Heart' is more effective and convinces the reader of the main characters madness because you can tell the characters most inner thoughts and feelings as he addresses you unlike ' Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl ' which only shows you the actions and doesn't give you an insight to his mental well being. In 'Fruit at the Bottom of the Bowl ' the characters attitude to the dead body and crime is one of calmness, although he was still conscious that his actions could be traced via his fingertips on the

Five of Frankenstein Essay

This line suggests that the creature was fairly friendly, rather than demonical: ‘†¦ while a grin wrinkled his cheeks’. The creature was very similar to a new born baby, with no experience in life and no knowledge of how to communicate and act: ‘His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds’. Despite the creature’s lack of knowledge and experience, Victor somehow manages to treat the creature in an appalling manner. These set of events portray Victor as somebody who is very cruel and selfish, furthermore, it makes the reader sympathise for the creature. The idea of bringing someone into the world by stitching together pieces of dead bodies and passing electricity through the corpse raises the question of immoralities; moreover the way Victor brought life into the world and then abandoned it is a terrible lot worse. In this story, Victor Frankenstein acted similarly to the Ancient Greek character ‘Prometheus’, as he played God. He felt that he had the right to create new life. He then realised how wrong it was, however by that time it was too late. In the 19th century, most people in England were very religious, so the way Victor plays God in the story would have been widely frowned upon. It was extremely uncommon for people to see boundaries and morals being questioned and stretched in this way. The creature that Victor created was far from a monster, it was but a helpless, needy being that he had abandoned, and it was not very different from abandoning a new born baby. Society cruelly rejected him due to his appearance, which goes to show how narrow minded society can be. This could have been part of the message that Mary Shelley wished to send out. The true monstrous figure in the story is Victor. This is all down to his cruel nature and the disgust he shows towards the creature he spent two years trying to bring to life. Victor even goes as far as describing the creature as a ‘half-distinguished light’, meaning he felt the creature was merely ‘half of a human being’. The author, Mary Shelley, in my opinion was trying to send out the messages: it is wrong to play God and that society can sometimes be very judgemental. The reasons are that Mary Shelley depicts the creature as helpless, confused and needy, so that the reader will sympathize towards him, whereas she depicts Victor as a cruel and selfish person, which supports the point of playing God being wrong. The reason I believe Mary Shelley tried to send out the message of society often being judgemental is so that people will realise that appearances are not everything, and that they can learn to avoid judging people by this before getting to know their past and present situation. 1,060 words Aran Atwal Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section. Download this essay Print Save Here’s what a teacher thought of this essay 4 star(s).

The Current “Age of Accountability” Law in Light of Developmental Psychology Current Law Upheld Case Study

In the case study provided, one can see many areas where the development of the child in question can be taken into consideration when looking at the case from a law standpoint. In any case involving children, one must always take into account their environment, their developmental age, and their true age. With each age group, there is a norm for development and each child must be evaluated regarding that norm. In this case, the current law regarding the â€Å"age of accountability† can be upheld through three basic points. These points are the biosocial, the cognitive, and the psychosocial areas of development. Each area plays a huge role in whether or not a child (at the age of six) can be held accountable for such a violent act. In the area of biosocial development, everything from a child’s nutrition to brain development to abuse can affect their perceptions (Berger, 2008). In the case provided, the six year old boy, coming from a single parent household, could very easily suffer developmentally in this area. Historically, single parent households make much less than households where both parents are present. Less income (socioeconomic status decline) could equal less nutritious food to aid in proper development. At the age of the child provided for this case study, he seems to be at the norm for brain development. At this age, even though children can think in rapid succession, they do not process the information to the point of seeing the true consequences. The child is also not completely able to use deductive reasoning when thinking the situation through from beginning to end and vice versa (Berger, 2008). Emotions at this point also play a key role in the development of the child provided. At this age, emotions such as anger (which would commonly be felt after the scuffle on the playground) can grow over a few hours and especially overnight, in a child who has anger or guilt problems anyway. While anger is a normal emotion, some children at this age struggle with the appropriate way to deal with it and lash out, resulting in injury. Taking into consideration the lifestyle of the juvenile in question, abuse and/or neglect could also be a large problem in his dealing with anger issues. While he may see the maltreatment he could be receiving as just basic attention, he is unable to process the true impact of the situation at his age (Berger, 2008). When the child sees anger at home, he is more likely to engage in anger motivated activities outside the home. Cognitive development of the six year old boy must also be taken into consideration when upholding the age of accountability law. Due to the fact that children of this age tend to be very self-centered and have the ability to focus on one idea (regardless of perception), a child with anger issues will see their problem is the whole world and that that one focal point is to stop the angry feeling (Berger, 2008). While to an adult this is irrational thought since the consequences are not planned for, to a child this creates harmony in their world of â€Å"me. Social learning at this age is a huge influence on how they react to their environment. In the case provided, the child is reacting the only way he knows how. Since both his father and grandfather are in the corrections system for gun related charges, it is likely that the child is only modeling the behavior he feels is set forth by those before him (Berger, 2008). While the child does not realize what he is doing at the time, he is an apprentice in thinking in the same way the other male figures have acted in his life. Even though the child has a male influence in his life (his uncle), it does not seem to be constructive as the uncle is likely the one who left the gun out irresponsibly. To uphold the current law, it should also be taken into consideration that a child at this age is merely attempting to make the difference between belief and reality. What a child sees on television and plays in video games can also play a role in their perception of the world as well as their cognitive and psychological development (Berger, 2008). Children before the age of seven have a difficult time realizing the reality and the fantasy within their environment. To them, a violent act is just the means to the end, the consequences are not their concern, and their goal is to end their own suffering regardless of the cost due to their self-centeredness. In the area of psychosocial development, a child should not be held accountable at the age of six due to their emotional status, ability to receive and internalize emotion, and falling victim to their parents’ style of parenting (Berger, 2008). If a child is subjected to authoritarian parenting, they are more likely to be less happy, suffer from depression, and feel guilty about situations in their environment. In the case presented, this could very well be the case for the child as his reason for extreme anger could be internalizing guilt for his father and grandfather being out of his life and in prison. Permissive parenting could also be a cause of developmental issue in a child of this age as they would be lacking of self control and unhappy. Again, the media begins to play a role in the lives of children this age. When a child observes violence and hatred, then they will most likely exude this type of behavior as well if it does not go corrected by a parent (Berger, 2008). When the media is the â€Å"parent† of the child, television used as a babysitter, the only role model they have are the actors on television to mimic and model their behavior. Overall, based on the information provided by Berger in the text, the law regarding whether or not the child in the case from Michigan should be held accountable should be upheld. It can be seen from the information provided above that the child is not developed enough to weigh the consequences of their actions and are most likely victims to their environment. Children cannot control what they are shown and thus at age six should not be accountable for their violent actions when they do not understand what the repercussions of their action could be and do not understand something as complex as taking another life.

Critique of law and order essays

Critique of law and order essays "Law and Order" was a very well-done show about the process of hunting down and apprehending a criminal that commits the specific crime showcased at the beginning of the program. The crimes usually seem to be unusual or complicated. The plot tends to focus not only on the work of the police officers and detectives but the mental state and motives of the criminal. The show has an interesting practice of juxtaposing an emotional aspect of the situation with the bureaucratic and professional (usually conservative) viewpoint and ultimate goal. In the episode that I viewed on Sunday at nine o'clock the main characters found themselves in pursuit of a criminal who was abducting women to keep as some sort of brainwashed companion. He would sit in a park and watch people passing by . And if he happened to observe somebody that he felt would be a good candidate he would slip them a drug in their drink and take them home. After he gets them into his home he drills a hole in their skull and pours hot water onto their brain. This leaves the victim in a constant state of vulnerability(he turns them into vegetables). He would then proceed to cuddle with them. The first victim died which was not his intent, and was found in a park with her calf muscle missing. The second victim escaped and was found wandering down the same street he lived on. Shortly after the second attack he was apprehended by the main characters which, by the way, did not seem to have much of a problem catching him. This program distinguishes itself among others of the same genre by offering a much more compassionate analyzation of the crime and perpetrator than others, along with a compelling and fascinating portrayal of the process the detectives go through to get the job done. The show also takes on a much more methodical pace than others of the same elk. On the other hand, the ultimate crimes and endings are very much similar to other shows. They all se ...

1987 Nobel Prize in Physics

1987 Nobel Prize in Physics The 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics went to German physicist J. Georg Bednorz and Swiss physicist K. Alexander Muller for discovery that certain classes of ceramics could be designed that had effectively no electrical resistance, meaning that there were ceramic materials that could be used as superconductors. The key aspect of these ceramics is that they represented the first class of high-temperature superconductors and their discovery had groundbreaking effects on the types of materials that could be used within sophisticated electronic devices Or, in the words of the official Nobel Prize announcement, the two researchers received the award for their important breakthrough in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials. The Science These physicists were not the first to discover superconductivity, which had been identified in 1911 by Kamerlingh Onnes while researching mercury. Essentially, as mercury was reduced in temperature, there was a point at which it seemed to lose all electrical resistance, meaning that electrical current count flow through it unimpeded, creating a supercurrent. This is what it means to be a superconductor. However, the mercury only exhibited the superconducting properties at very low degrees near absolute zero, around 4 degrees Kelvin. Later research in the 1970s did identify materials that exhibited superconducting properties at around 13 degrees Kelvin. Bednorz and Muller were working together to research the conductive properties of ceramics at an IBM research laboratory near Zurich, Switzerland, in 1986, when they discovered the superconducting properties in these ceramics at temperatures of approximately 35 degrees Kelvin. The material used by Bednorz and Muller was a compound of lanthanum and copper oxide that was doped with barium. These high-temperature superconductors were confirmed very quickly by other researchers, and they were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics the following year. All of the high-temperature superconductors are known as a Type II superconductor, and one of the effects of this is that when they have a strong magnetic field applied, they will exhibit only a partial  Meissner effect  that breaks down in a high magnetic field, because at a certain intensity of magnetic field the superconductivity of the material is destroyed by electrical vortices that form within the material. J. Georg Bednorz Johannes Georg Bednorz was born on May 16, 1950, in Neuenkirchen, in North-Rhine Westphalia in the Federal Republic of Germany (known to those of us in America as West Germany). His family had been displaced and split up during World War II, but they had reunited in 1949 and he was a late addition to the family. He attended the University of Munster in 1968, initially studying chemistry and then transitioning into the field of mineralogy, specifically crystallography, finding the mix of chemistry and physics more to his liking. He worked at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory during the summer of 1972, which is when he first began working with Dr. Muller, head of the physics department. He began work on his Ph.D. in 1977 at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, in Zurich, with supervisors Prof. Heini Granicher and Alex Muller. He officially joined the staff of IBM in 1982, a decade after he spent the summer working there as a student. He began working on the search for a high-temperature superconductor with Dr. Muller in 1983, and they successfully identified their goal in 1986. K. Alexander Muller Karl Alexander Muller was born April 20, 1927, in Basel, Switzerland. He spent World War II in Schiers, Switzerland, attending the Evangelical College, completing his baccalaureate degree in seven years, starting at age 11 when his mother died. He followed this up with military training in the Swiss army and then transitioned to Zurichs Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Among his professors was renowned physicist Wolfgang Pauli. He graduated in 1958, working then at the Battelle Memorial Institute in Geneva, then a Lecturer at the University of Zurich, and then finally landing a job at the IBM Zurich Research Laboratory in 1963. He conducted a range of research there, including serving as a mentor to Dr. Bednorz and collaborating together on the research to discover high-temperature superconductors, which resulted in the awarding of this Nobel Prize in Physics.

14 College Memes That Will Make You Laugh Through Tears

14 College Memes That Will Make You Laugh Through Tears Studying in college is something you can cry or laugh about. However, its better to choose the latter. Though college life can be really challenging at times, good sense of humor will defenitely help you to go through this difficult and yet amazing period of your life. Social media communities are full of funny memes created by college and high school students just like you. Some of them we previously published on our Facebook page. Heres the list of the most popular and hilarious memes about college life and challenges that our Facebook audience have found the most attractive. #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 #8 #9 #10 #11 #12 #13 #14 P.S. If youd like to see more fun memes about college and high school, just click any of the listed images and visit our Facebook page. Well be glad to get more likes from you 🙂 Cover image credit: Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc.

Final Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Final - Term Paper Example A company selling a hundred per cent polyester sweaters is not allowed by law to advertise their product under the phrase â€Å"That Wool Feel.† This is so because the phrase would be found misleading to the potential consumers and would count as a misrepresentation since the makers of the sweaters know that using the term â€Å"that wool feel† is false representation and that it is intended to induce justifiable reliance to the consumers. Also the issue of monetary loss arises in the fact that it is relatively cheaper to use polyester as a cloth making material as opposed to wool. The act also results in to a fraud since reliance is also established by the fact that a statement of the sweater maker’s opinion will be held as true hence relied upon by the consumer since the manufacturer has, by general assumption, more superior skill and knowledge about sweaters. In this case, the five elements of fraud apply. Case 2 In a case where a person or an organisation dec ides to use other persons’ material and the material happens to be copyrighted or patented, then the person should be held liable for one or more of the intellectual property torts. In the case sample given, College Copy Shop gained money from publishing whose owners reserved the sole right of republishing, duplicating or copying as is the case with any original publisher. The law of intellectual property tort states that once there is a patent or a copyright, as is in this case, using it for any other reason other than the ones expressly allowed by the publisher would be an infringement to the patent rights; hence patent law would be applied in deciding the case should a legal suit emerge. Case 3 Ace Corp. sent an invitation to J. Brown to work for them; an act that is legally considered as advertisement rather than an offer. J. Brown replied with details that he would like the job for a certain pay coupled with other demands and technically that was the offer. Afterwards Ac e Corp. replied to J. Browns offer and said that his offer was something they could work with and asked if J. Brown could report, something that he assented to. After the third month, he found that Ace Corp. was not honouring their initial agreement to the letter and decided to quit the job, where he moved back to the company he previously worked for before going to Ace Corp. During J. Brown’s exit from his employer Ace Corp., he took with him confidential information belonging to Ace Corp. and when he re-joined Crown, his employer before Ace Corp., he shared the stolen information with Crown. The issues in this case are if there was a contract between Ace Corp. and J. Brown, whether Ace Corp. breached it after denying J. Brown the bonus he had requested on the offer he made and if J. Brown can recover damages therein. Here is a detailed analysis on the above issues. Brown had a contract with Ace Corp. even though his offer was not out rightly accepted by letter or word of mo uth. In the laws of contract, performance is considered as adequate and sufficient acceptance if it is done in response to an offer or a counter offer. I this case, Ace Corp. accepted J. Brown’

People , placed and Environment portolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

People , placed and Environment portolio - Essay Example The relationship of people with their environment is not same in all places. Some places & its environment are harsh for human sustainability whereas some places are most suitable for living. This Portfolio is an endeavor to portray the relationship of people of different places with their environment, with the shift in their location. The places vary from Asian countries like Tibet to countries in the American continent like USA. It depicts the way in which the environment determines the different aspects of their life like population growth, nourishment & economic development of the whole community etc. It describes how people are in different types of relationship with the environment & the way their dependency, wellbeing, etc. varies with the change in location. In the present age, human beings have started to affect the environment enormously through their actions. The environment is harmed considerably by the actions of people. But the harm the environment suffers, through the actions of people varies from place to place. Fig. 1 Nomads of Tibet Fig. 2 People of New York City Fig. 3 People in Sahara desert Fig. 4 Earthquake in Sumatra Fig. 5 â€Å"Java Rice Paddy Workers† Fig. 6 People in Sumatra In Fig. 1 the image of a Nomad of Tibet is given. The population of the area is low due to its rugged relief, creating obstacles in the construction of roads, railways & communication (Richabraj). The nomads come out in the warm weather & roam in mountain pastures with their herds of yaks and sheep. In the cold weather they go to Lhasa, the capital of Tibet for many reasons (Tibetan Nomads: A focus on the Tibetan culture). Thus, this people completely depend on nature for their survival. In Fig. 2 we can see an image of New York City, a highly industrialized city of a developed country. Environment is most suitable in all aspects due to its location. But unlike the developing countries the city causes pollution & thus harms the environment. In Fig. 3 we can see the inhabitants of Sahara Desert, which has a population of only 2.5 million despite its area of 3.5 million. It has one of the harshest environments. The majority of the population being Nomads move from place to place in search of better living conditions (The Living Africa: The People). In Fig. 4 we can see people in Sumatra trying to rescue survivors from a house destroyed by earthquake. These people are tormented by the environment through its natural disasters. Yet, the desire for survival impels these people to fight with the environment. In Fig. 5 we can see workers in Java Island of Indonesia. The Java islands of Indonesia have fertile soil, as such agriculture flourished, making the area densely populated (Richabraj). Thus the environment is perfectly suitable for human beings over here & less industrialization does not allow the environment to be harmed. We can call this a healthy relationship of people, place & environment. In Fig. 6 we can see migrating people of S umatra. Due to the environmental conditions they are forced to migrate in search for a better place. They don’t harm the nature by themselves but instead they are being ruled by the forces of nature. Works Cited Richabraj. â€Å" Elaborate relationship between man and environment?† Wikianswers.com. N.d. Web. 25th Feb 2011. â€Å"Tibetan Nomads: A

Harriet Jacobs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Harriet Jacobs - Essay Example Norcom. Dr. Norcom (given the pseudonym Dr. Flint in her Jacobs’ novel) would play an influential role in the life of Jacobs, sexually abusing her for most of her early life as a slave girl and threatening her should she refuse him. All of these factors led to Harriet Jacobs leading a difficult early life, which she recorded in her memoir Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl. Life for Harriet Jacobs as a slave girl in the south was not easy. Although her parents were considered to be relatively high status for slaves, her mother’s early death meant that she was alone and under the full control of slave masters for the entirety of her early life. Dr. Norcom (Flint) began to sexually harass Jacobs just a few years after she was entrusted to his care. Jacobs was still very young at this point, and this sexual harassment would be one of the major influences on her life and her later writing. Cleverly, Harriet consented to the sexual advances of another white man (Mr. Sands ), which she thought would prevent Dr. Flint from sexually harassing her. Although Jacobs has said that she did not love this man and did not find it to be a Christian relationship, it was still preferably to being abused at the hands of Flint. Dr.

PROJECT MANAGEMENT Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

PROJECT MANAGEMENT - Assignment Example The goal is to present this information in the ten minute time allotted. Benefits and methods of the proposed project are to improve on-line fire prevention information for businesses. In order to complete that task there are preliminary document checklists that should be completed in order to ensure that the project management proposal is accepted and utilized for the target deadline date. The Learning Outcomes in this Assignment prepared us to present a Project Initiation Document Checklist which describes 1. What is the project all about? 2. Why should this project go ahead? 3. Who will work on the project? 4. How and when will the project be delivered? ASSESSMENT CRITERIA 1. Choose type of leadership 2. Use practical project management 3. Understand your responsibilities as a leader for the group are 4. Understand your responsibilities as a manager for each individual are 5. Implement the Project Initiation Document Checklist 6. Team is ready to proceed with Project Management Ta sk Transformational  Leadership What Is Transformational Leadership? Transformational leadership is a type of leadership style that leads to positive changes in those who follow. Transformational leaders are generally energetic, enthusiastic and passionate. Not only are these leaders concerned and involved in the process; they are also focused on helping every member of the group succeed as well. Leading and Developing Others Personal Qualities Leading the Organization Showing genuine concern Being honest and consistent Networking and achieving Enabling Acting with integrity Focuses effort Being accessible Being decisive Building shared vision Encouraging change Inspiring others Supporting a developmental culture Resolving complex problems Facilitating change sensitively Practical Project Management: The most important thing to know about project management is that first and foremost it’s a way of thinking about projects 1. Focus on the objective – A written statemen t of a project designed to achieve one or more goals 2. Starting to Plan – work through the planning process, uncover questions, problems and issues 3. Laying out the project – gather task data and prepare a rough sequence process 4. Analyzing Your Tasks – sequence first analyze tasks second and integrate the two steps 5. Managing Time and Cost – By Utilizing the PERT The Program Evaluation and Review Technique 6. How to Make and Use a Gantt Chart – Don’t reinvent the wheel save time use templates 7. Using PERT and CPM Charts – Critical Path Method to determine time, budget, and performance 8. Budgeting for Projects – determine fixed, variable costs, equipment, rentals, outside contracts 9. Managing the Project – committed teamwork, SMART Goals, communication 10. Monitor and Adjust – Utilize a project control chart to tract progress of time budget & data 11. How to wrap up the project - Determine the three Estimat es: Historical Data, Research, and Publish Data & Scenarios. Source: Practical Project Management (Dobson 1996) Project Initiation Document Checklist PID Item Check When Complete Section 1: What is the project all about?    Project title    Background    Purpose    Objectives (and how they will be measured)    Project scope    Exclusions from scope    Deliverables (including dates of completion)    Constraints    Assumptions    Section 2:Why should this project go ahead?

Coca-Cola Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coca-Cola - Case Study Example The first part of the paper will identify and evaluate the key success factors employed by the business organization. Next, this paper will analyze the weaknesses of the company and the potential threats that lie ahead. Lastly, this report will give its recommendation on how Coca-Cola can further improve its marketing strategy. In order to give a thorough investigation, this paper will utilize different strategic management tools. A key success factor is defined as specific skill or talent or competitive capability which spells the difference between profit and loss or competitive success or failure of a business organization. Looking at the strategic operation of Coca-cola, it can be seen that the key success factors of the company are its superior marketing mix, focus on innovation, and global orientation. Coca-Cola's marketing mix, as with other companies have four major components which are product, price, promotion, and place. It can be seen that the company has done an excellent job in coming up with a marketing mix which appeals to the global market. The products offered by Coca-Cola, for instance, have become widely accepted in the global market because it conveys a "universal taste" which discounts the differences in nationality, culture, and traditions. Secondly, the company has a pricing strategy which is at par with the industry. The marketing campaigns launched by Coca-Cola define and become a foundation of modern day marketing. The advertisements of the business organization irrefutably reveal new techniques and styles in capturing the audience. Lastly, Coca-Cola's success is largely due to its wide availability. Its products are sold almost everywhere, from restaurants, to cafes, to vending machines, to kiosks, and most establishments. Another key success factor of Coca-cola is its focus on product innovation. Recognizing that the various changes in the market where it operates, the company reinvented itself to evolve from a single core product to a total beverage firm. Currently, Coca-Cola has nearly 400 beverages in its portfolio and is still geared in offering beverages which suits the preferences of its market. In 2005, the company announced that it has introduced "a variety of new brands, brand extension, and new beverage products." Lastly, Coca-Cola's success is also highly attributed to its global orientation. Recognizing the huge profit opportunities abroad, the company has expanded geographically. By being global oriented, the company is not only able to establish presence in foreign markets but is also able to generate new revenues and efficiently distribute costs among its operating segments. The company is also able to utilize resources which are present abroad in order to enhance its operations. However, aside from being globally oriented, the company also concentrates on creating specific products which suits the need of a specific market: "Consumer demand can vary from one locale to another and can change over time within a single locale. Employing our business strategy, and with special focus on core brands, our Company seeks to build its existing brands and, at the same time, to broaden its historical family of brands, products and services in order to create and satisfy consumer demand locale by locale." Weaknesses and Threats The weaknesses and threats faced by the Coca-Cola can be determined by conducting a SWOT

An organisational diagnosis of Nestl-UK using the Weisbord six-box Essay

An organisational diagnosis of Nestl-UK using the Weisbord six-box model - Essay Example In a general sense,organisational diagnosis is defined as a tool by which specific knowledge pertaining to reality in an organisation may be established in order to guide managers in understanding the organisation as well as its essential elements Project’s overall aims and objectives In a general sense, organisational diagnosis is defined as a tool by which specific knowledge pertaining to reality in an organisation may be established in order to guide managers and other decision makers in understanding the organisation as well as its essential elements, and in formulating necessary interventions (Grave, Gimenez, MendezA & Crubellate, 2001). As applied in this proposed study, however, the organisational diagnosis will be used as an instrument to examine whether or not the components of an organization are synchronous with the other components in order to facilitate the exploration of formal and informal systems, towards the promotion of greater organisational effectiveness as envisioned in Anderson (2010). The motivation to carry out this proposed research study was prompted by a generalization posited in Ely (1999) that â€Å"organizations are not simply gendered; they are also raced and classed† (p. 2). However, none of the studies surveyed during the preliminary review of literature and studies ventured to perform any method of organizational diagnosis to investigate relationships between the outcome of the diagnosis and the profile of the respondents who participated in the exercise. This is a gap in knowledge which this proposed study hopes to address. Hence, this study will attempt to perform an organisational diagnosis of Nestle, UK to identify problems or issues confronting the organization with the end in view of proposing interventions or alternative courses of action. Specifically, the objectives of the proposed study are to: (1) describe the profile of the members of the organisation in terms of gender, age, civil status, ethnicity, s ocio-economic status, position, and work experience; (2) examine the following organisational variables in terms of central tendency and dispersion : purposes, structure, leadership, relationships, rewards, helpful mechanisms, and attitude towards change; (3) identify the strong points of the organization based on the empirical results of the diagnosis; (4) identify the weak points of the organization based on the empirical results of the diagnosis; (5) investigate significant associations between the ratings generated in each of the organisation variables from the diagnosis and the respondents’ profile variables; (6) formulate strategies / interventions based on the outcome of the organizational diagnosis. The proposed study will be conducted with the Nestle UK headquarters as research locale, situated at St. Georges House, Croydon, Surrey, CR9 1NR. There are about 300 employees working in the Nestle Croydon office. A minimum sample of 119 is required for the office populati on, based on a web-based sample sized calculator (Raosoft, 2004). A screenshot of the calculation output is presented as Appendix A. An organisational diagnostic questionnaire adapted from Preziosi (1980) will serve as the main research instrument. The complete questionnaire is presented with this proposal as Appendix B. The independent variables in this study are the profile variables, namely: gender, age, civil status, ethnicity, socio-economic status, position, and work experience. On the other hand, the dependent variables are the components of the organization as enunciated in Weisbord (2011) and Preziosi (1980) namely: purposes, structure, leadership, relationships, rewards, helpful mechanisms, and attitude towards change. Literature review From a preliminary survey of existing knowledge in this area, there were at least 20 researches carried out since the 1970s, with the pioneering works of Preziosi (1972, 1980) and Weisbord (1976). However, not all the 20 studies utilized We isbord’s six-box model. Some of the earlier studies like that of Armenakis, Bedeian and Niebuhr (1979), Pond, Armenakis and

Coca-Cola Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coca-Cola - Case Study Example The first part of the paper will identify and evaluate the key success factors employed by the business organization. Next, this paper will analyze the weaknesses of the company and the potential threats that lie ahead. Lastly, this report will give its recommendation on how Coca-Cola can further improve its marketing strategy. In order to give a thorough investigation, this paper will utilize different strategic management tools. A key success factor is defined as specific skill or talent or competitive capability which spells the difference between profit and loss or competitive success or failure of a business organization. Looking at the strategic operation of Coca-cola, it can be seen that the key success factors of the company are its superior marketing mix, focus on innovation, and global orientation. Coca-Cola's marketing mix, as with other companies have four major components which are product, price, promotion, and place. It can be seen that the company has done an excellent job in coming up with a marketing mix which appeals to the global market. The products offered by Coca-Cola, for instance, have become widely accepted in the global market because it conveys a "universal taste" which discounts the differences in nationality, culture, and traditions. Secondly, the company has a pricing strategy which is at par with the industry. The marketing campaigns launched by Coca-Cola define and become a foundation of modern day marketing. The advertisements of the business organization irrefutably reveal new techniques and styles in capturing the audience. Lastly, Coca-Cola's success is largely due to its wide availability. Its products are sold almost everywhere, from restaurants, to cafes, to vending machines, to kiosks, and most establishments. Another key success factor of Coca-cola is its focus on product innovation. Recognizing that the various changes in the market where it operates, the company reinvented itself to evolve from a single core product to a total beverage firm. Currently, Coca-Cola has nearly 400 beverages in its portfolio and is still geared in offering beverages which suits the preferences of its market. In 2005, the company announced that it has introduced "a variety of new brands, brand extension, and new beverage products." Lastly, Coca-Cola's success is also highly attributed to its global orientation. Recognizing the huge profit opportunities abroad, the company has expanded geographically. By being global oriented, the company is not only able to establish presence in foreign markets but is also able to generate new revenues and efficiently distribute costs among its operating segments. The company is also able to utilize resources which are present abroad in order to enhance its operations. However, aside from being globally oriented, the company also concentrates on creating specific products which suits the need of a specific market: "Consumer demand can vary from one locale to another and can change over time within a single locale. Employing our business strategy, and with special focus on core brands, our Company seeks to build its existing brands and, at the same time, to broaden its historical family of brands, products and services in order to create and satisfy consumer demand locale by locale." Weaknesses and Threats The weaknesses and threats faced by the Coca-Cola can be determined by conducting a SWOT

Ancient Theatres in Jerash Essay Example for Free

Ancient Theatres in Jerash Essay Modern technology has changed matters in documentation significantly and promises to continue to bring change. This paper attempts to present:1-How should we understand documentation of archaeological Sites, historic buildings and monuments according to their particularities, categories, types, components of documentation, taking into account the internationally agreed standards for the documentation of the cultural heritage. 2- The potential of the application of 3D laser Scanner and Photomodeler in documentation of the immovable cultural heritage. As a case study the ancient theatres of Jerash (the Southern and the Northern) will be presented. While the purpose of using different methods of documentation is to make comparison comparison of the advantages ,disadvantages ,the accuracy of the traditional method – total station –, 3D scanner method, and Photomodeler method. 1. INTRODUCTION As cultural heritage is a unique expression of human achievement, and since this cultural heritage is continuously at risk, documentation is one of the principal ways available to give meaning, understanding, definition and recognition of the values of the cultural heritage. As such it constitutes an important basis of orientation for subsequent restoration and maintenance measures. Furthermore all interventions acquire the character of evidence themselves and therefore, have to be documented. Article 16 of the Venice Charter emphasizes that in all works of preservation or excavation, there should always be precise documentation in the form of analytical and critical reports, illustrated with drawings and photographs. Every stage of the work, including technical and formal features identified during the course of the work, should be included. This record should be placed in the archives of a public institution and made available to research workers. It is recommended that the report should be published. Thus documenting the Cultural Heritage not only describes the context in which the materials were found, and their relationship in space and time to geological deposits and large architectural features, but also as monitoring of the remains of past human activities. The documentation process, which may be undertaken as an aid to various CRM activities, such as protection, identification, monitoring, interpretation, registration of stolen cultural objects, can benefit tremendously from various modern techniques that are available to us nowadays. (graphic documentation) Techniques based on conventional surveying to produce plans, elevations, and architectural details. Photographic e.g. photography, rectified photography,computer-rectified photography, photogrammetry, and 3D laser scanner. The photographical documentation should provide information on the important condition of a monument, i.e. before, during, and after restoration. 3. INTERNATIONAL CORE DATA INDEX There are three internationally agreed standards for the documentation of the cultural heritage: a) The Core Data Index to Historic Buildings and Monuments of the Architectural Heritage (1992), b) The Core Data Standard for Archaeological Sites and Monuments (1995), and c) The Object ID (1997) which was developed to provide an international standard for the information needed to identify cultural objects, in response to the threat posed by the illicit trade in the movable heritage. The evaluation of the documentation process can be carried out by comparison with such standards. Other considerations could be related to the particularity of the monument, the cost, the ability to benefit from modern digital techniques and the success in acting as a historical record of human activities. 4. ANCIENT THEATRES OF JERASH Few ancient towns are as well preserved and as complete as Jerash, a city complex that once was a thriving commercial zone and part of the Decapolis. Built in the 2nd century BC the city was conquered in 63 BC by the Roman General Pompey. The grand theatres and spacious public squares, plazas and baths, the Roman Cardo running 700 meters north from the Oval Plaza and pass sky-piercing columns flanking from both sides in Jerash make this site truly an archaeological park. 4.1 The Southern Theatre in Jerash The southern theater (Exterior Diameter 70.5m) today is one of the most impressive of Jerash’s public building. Begun at the end of the 1st century AD (during the reign of Domitian) and completed in the early 2nd century. On its completion, it became one of the most splendid civic monuments in the 2. CATEGORIES AND COMPONENTS OF DOCUMENTATION Regardless of the location of the activity, it type or philosophy of art and historical conservation, the documentation should address three questions: what it is, where it is, and when! There are three Categories and Components of Documentation: Written: should comprise an architectural description, the state of preservation , an interpretation of the results of all tests and analyses, a summary of the results of all investigations, and a report on the interventions executed. Non-photographic ________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September – 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ developing city and certainly the finest of its type in the whole province. The cavea of the auditorium was divided into two sections, with a wide terrace (diazoma) describing the full half circle between them. The lower half was built into the side of the hill. While the top half was built above it. Although the auditorium has survived remarkably well, the top rows of seats are missing, and one cannot be sure of the exact original number.(Figure. 1) Figure. 2 Plan of the Northern Theatre The theatre itself probably had two main phases during its lifetime. It was dedicated, and probably completed, in AD 64/65. It was a small, probably, theatre used for poetry readings, meetings or more modest performances than the large dramatic events that would have taken place in the citys larger Southern Theatre. The theatre may also have been the city councils meeting hall. It was- modified several times and probably enlarged in the first quarter of the 3rd century. It finally went out of use as a theatre by the 5th to 6th centuries. On some of the seats of the lower cevea are inscribed in Greek the names of the voting tribes (phylai) that were represented in the bouleutirium, or city council except one tribe named after the Roman Emperor Hadrian, the others are named after Olympian gods. the theatre was also used as a bouleuterion, or city council meeting-hall. The theatres expansion in the first quarter of the3rd century AD included the addition of eight rows of seats, doubling the theatres capacity to around 1600 people. The three best preserved external vomitoria, at the western end of the upper auditorium, show their original construction of three independent, semicircular arches rising towards the exterior with evidence of large wooden doors that could have been opened or closed to control access to the theatre. The original scaena wall, facing the audience from behind the stage, was dismantled and replaced by a more complex scaena composed of two parallel wal1s. The elaborate scaenae frons was probably two storeys high, and was adorned with colored marble, free-standing Corinthian columns and broken entablatures, behind which were semicircular niches decorated with mosaics. Figure. 1 Plan of the Southern Theatre The front of the stage was divided into four sections with pedestals between them. Each section was decorated with a central pedimental niche flanked by arched niches .These elaborate architectural compositions are a common feature of Roman theatres. The front of the stage is decorated with pediment and arched niches. The wall rising behind the stage, the Scaenae Frons is pierced by three doors used by the performers to enter and exit the stage from the sides. The Scaenae Frons would have had second storey repeating most of the decorative and architectural elements of the lower level. Much of the outer (north) wall of the theater is a modern reconstruction. The rebuilding, however, of the rear wall behind the scaenae frons must be regretted, for we do not know what this wall was like and such suspect `restorations` run the risk of endangering the validity of the whole structure; for how can one be sure what is genuine and what is not? Happily, the greater part of the theatre is completely genuine. (Browning. Iain/ Jerash and the Decapolis) 4.2 The Northern Theatre The North Theatre complex is composed of the North Theatre (Exterior Diameter 43, 47m, orchestra Diameter 14,33m) itself and a plaza in front of it . A great deal smaller than the South Theatre, its orientation is determined by the northern decumanus upon which it opens and from which it is approached. The cavea shows the usual arrangement of four cunei in the lower half, and eight in the upper half .At the top of the upper section of the cavea there was scarcely room for passageway and colonnade.( Figure. 2 ) 5. METHODS OF DOCUMENTATION IN JERASH THEATRES The purpose of using different Methods of documentation of the Southern and Northern Jerash theatres is to make comparison of the advantages ,disadvantages ,the accuracy of the traditional recording method, 3D scanner, and PhotoModeler. Accuracy is the correctness of the measurement, regardless of its precision. Precision refers to the fineness of measured distinctions. Results of the case studies are presented and compared. The aim is to give (mostly nongeodetic) users recommendations, which method is suited best for what kind of application, or even if a combination of 3D scanning and PhotoModeler is advisable. Criteria like quality of the results, amount of cost and time, required equipment and occurring problems are to be considered. To investigate the advantages, disadvantages and ________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September – 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ the accuracy of these methods, we carried out some case studies for the two theatres. Different typical objects were chosen and characteristically parts of them were recorded by tape, total station, PhotoModeler and 3D scanning. In this research project, we have installed a number of different test targets that allow an investigation in the quality of points recorded by laser scanners and the geometric models derived from the point clouds. 5.1 By using Total Station and AutoCAD Software: Conceptually, total stations are different from most measuring systems used by archaeologists because they are effective over a great range of scales and have an accuracy that is unusual in our experience. Limits on drawing precision that were once inherent in the use of scaled drawings have been removed by CAD systems. For example, it might be measuring the position of a point 1 km away from the total station and be accurate at least to the centimeter. This is equivalent to the use a tape to measure the distance to an object a meter away with .01 mm accuracy. The total station can be used to measure archaeological structures during an excavation. The precision with which a CAD system can maintain coordinates depends on the internal data structure chosen, but all standard CAD systems maintain coordinates at levels of precision beyond the scholars capacity to measure. A surveyor collecting data using preelectronic techniques could have used the tape to take the measurements, together with cross section for elevation information and quantity estimates. Or, the survey could have been completed using such polar techniques as transit or theodolite/EDM surveys. Electronic data collection with total station instruments permits the quick acquisition of a large amount of field data, together with the efficient and error-free transfer of the data to a computer. Once in the computer, the field data can be edited and analyzed for completeness of coverage and accuracy. For the documentation of the Southern theatre and the Northern theatre of Jerash more than 900 points were taken using the total station (Skoia). Tape measurement was conducted to record some of the dimensions of the theatre (the scene and some architectural details). The goal of these measurements was to collect more field dimensional measurement and other detail measurement for the documentation of the theatres. Full documentation for the Southern theatre of Jerash 2D and 3D was finalized with 2D documentation and reconstruction for the Northern theatre of Jerash. 5.2 By using PhotoModeler: While photogrammetry and metric surveying techniques can be suitable for archaeological sites and buildings, they present certain disadvantages for smaller and more complex objects. PhotoModeler is a windows software program that helps to extract measurements and 3D models from photographs. By using cameras as an input device, photomodeler is capable to extract accurate measurements and details. It is based on using several photos ( Figure 4 ) from different angles with known focal length, using control points ( Figure. 5 ). PhotoModeler can create 3D models and export the measured data as a dxf file. ADVANTAGES Contains information about surface detail (e.g. weathering patterns).Photographs are easier to interpret and recognize than drawing. DISADVANTAGES Essential high-skilled photographers.The enlargement of images should do accurately.Photographic format (analogue). PhotoModeler is one of the methods we used in documenting, measuring, and modeling the scene of the Southern theatre in Jerash. Several selected photos taken from slightly different positions were shot using digital camera. For calibration, some 3D points of the scene were obtained. For this purpose a modern integrated total station model Sokkia to collect more than 50 points to record the 3D points. These points were carefully chosen to be very well distributed on the scene in order to use them as GCPs (Ground Control Points). ( Figure. 5 ) With these data, we produce a 3D model, Orthorectified images (Photogrammetry) and measurements (x, y, z) or lengths for the stage of the Southern theatre of Jerash. For more accuracy we produced a detailed model for the scene features- the left Gate(Figure. 3 ) and then combined these detailed models together to produce the scene of the theatre. Figure 4. Camera Stations to produce a 3D Model for the the left Gate of the stage of Jerash Southern Theatre Figure 3 3D Model for the left Gate of the scene of Jerash Southern Theatre. ________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September – 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ first implementation of the new technology seems to be very useful and promising. The main advantage of scanning is the fast and direct collection of large numbers of surface object points. The measurement process needs no attendance except for the set-up required when establishing a new viewpoint. The huge number of records formed a nice cloud of points, which very precisely matches the true 3D shape of the interested object (in our case the cavea and the scene of the two theatres). In the office there are two sophisticated softwared, which deal with the collected cloud of points. One of the software can import the clouds and get a nice three model of the object. The other software can also get the 3D model and rectify the model to get the measurements of the object. The final result can be exported to CAD software like Auto Cad or Micro Station. A couple of Million of 3D points were captured from different points of view. In addition to the 3D points, a set of 2D images were also been taken. In the Southern theater three stations were sat up to capture points of the theater from different angles of view as shown in (Figures 6, 7, 9). In the north theatre we used three stations to cover the whole theater and two stations to capture the surrounding area . All these stations and the cloud of points are shown in (Figures 8, 10). Figure 4. Several photos from different angles with known focal length, using control points for the Scine of the Southern theatre 5.3 By using 3D scanner. Laser scanning technology with its automated data capture capabilities is bringing new perspectives and can satisfy most requirements of this type of applications. 3D laser scanning represents today the most advanced technology available for measuring and documenting objects. Our scanner can measure on average about 1000 points per second. Terrestrial laser scanning technology is based on active range sensors measuring directly the distance between the sensor and points over the surveyed object. Objects that can be documented by 3D scanning, range from the sizes of coins or potsherds to whole cultural landscapes. Traditional heritage recording methods like close range photogrammetry are not suitable for all kinds of objects. Particularly when the objects have very irregular surfaces and not a clearly defined structure, scanning wi ll probably yield better results than photogrammetry. In contrast to photogrammetry 3D scanners directly produce a huge number of 3D points. The resulting point cloud can be used to extract CAD elements or by using point triangulation to create a 3D surface model. Additionally, images can be mapped onto the model to get a virtual copy of the real object. While both photogrammetric and laser scanning techniques can deliver similar type of products the end users are accustomed to have, other supplementary data such as line drawings, DTM etc., A main advantage as compared to close range photogrammetry is the availability of near real time 3D coordinates for irregular surfaces. The striking capability of collecting hundreds or even thousands of points per second is praised by producers and operators. On the other hand, questions concerning the quality and accuracy of the recorded points receive little attention. Specifications stated by the producers are not comparable. The main difference between scanning and photogrammetry is obvious: While photogrammetric surveying is an indirect data acquisition method (images are needed before measurements can be executed), scanning produces 3D points directly. As geodetic surveying instruments, scanners cannot be used when the object or the observation platform is moving. In these cases, photogrammetric images, which can be acquired with very short exposure times, are the only means of metric documentation. Although surveyors tend to see accuracy as a predominant consideration when comparing measuring equipment, for the practical use there are numerous other characteristics which may be decisive under certain project pre-conditions. Four stages for doing the work: scanning in the field, registration ,segmentation, modeling . To build up a precise 3D model of the South theatre and the North theatre we used the 3D laser scanner model †GS100 MENSI†. The results we’ve obtained were very precise and the Figure 6. Mesh part of the Scene and the cavea of the Southern Theatre Figure 7. Cloud Points of the Scene of the Southern Theater ________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September – 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ ADVANTAGES Very precise measurements. A solution in situations where 3D measurement by other means may be difficult. Quick in data capture. On-sitescanning is possible. DISADVANTAGES Very expensive. Practical limits on the object size and height. May have difficulties on some material surfaces. May have difficulties on some Material surfaces Editing the data to produce meaningful results may be difficult. other applications. The software has the ability to export the final models and solids to Auto Cad using the solid SAD converter. 2) Real Works Survey. Provides the user a set of tools for processing 3D point clouds and 2D images in order to obtain the necessary information. Generally, this processing can be divided into two modes: the Registration mode and the Office Survey mode. During the registration mode we register several scans simultaneously by using data captured during target scanning. Several test fields using white spheres as targets have been installed to get information about the accuracy of distances in scanning direction and across. We also use the Geo Referencing tool to put the scanned data into a known coordinate system. During the office survey mode, we segment the point clouds into logical parts. We also extract measurements or different types of 2D drawings from the point clouds. These extracted results were exported into CAD systems. 6. LASER SCANNER DATA ACQUISITION The laser scanner MENSI GS100 was used in this project and scanning was performed from various positions so that the full coverage of the surface will be achieved with sufficient overlapping (Fig. 10 ). The specific scanner has a recommended range of 2-100 , with optimal range of m.. The system’s horizontal and vertical field of view is 60 degrees. Reflective targets distributed over the site allowed the easy registration of the scans during data processing. Although the laser scanning software provides direct and immediate access to the scan data by visually inspecting the point cloud in situ to identify possible problem areas in the data sets, it proved that some parts of the site were excluded and larger overlap was required for the complete merging of all scans. Figure 10. North theatre; Overlapping areas and gaps Starting with the question of accuracy, it must be understood that total stations have built-in limits on precision that are often ignored and that affect ultimate accuracy. Accuracy refers to the agreement of a value with the true value. Whereas the problem was once measuring as precisely as possible or as precisely as a scaled drawing could display, the problem is now to measure and record as precisely as required for the particular project. A comparative evaluation of the techniques in the data capture and modeling of the northern gate of the Southern theatre is shown and measurement results of the Tape measurement, PhotoModeler, 3D Laser Scanner GS 100 MENSI measurement are presented in table 1 Figure 8. Mesh view of the North theatre Figure 11. Cloud Points of the Cevea of the southern Theatre Figure 9. Mesh part of the northern gate of the Southern Theatre The office work included the use of two software packages: 1) 3Dipsos. Sophisticated software used to reconstruct 3D models from large sets of point cloud data captured by a 3D laser scanner. It is an intermediate data processing application between scanning and the use of environments reconstructed in ________CIPA 2005 XX International Symposium, 26 September – 01 October, 2005, Torino, Italy________ to 90 degrees as possible, 4. Ensure that all points appear on three or more photographs, 5. Ensure all point and line markings on the images are precise, and do not guess at a point location if it cannot be seen, is not distinct, is fuzzy or is hidden by some other object. Nevertheless, the precision supplied by total stations or photogrammetry software and recorded in CAD models must not exceed the limits on accuracy of the total system and must be appropriate for the job at hand. As already stated, every project has its own particularity. Those needs should be carefully determined, explicitly stated, and properly met by the survey methods and procedures. Laser scanning provides dense 3D information that can be implemented for the DEM and also for the determination of the ground coordinates of presignalized control points. The large sets of data obtained are an impediment to virtual computer visualization. Often it is very difficult to deal with the data without large RAM memory of the order of two GB. 7. CONCLUDING REMARKS The documentation of the Jerash theatre was implemented by a combination of photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning. Generally:†¢ Hand survey is labor intensive specially in the field. †¢ Computer rectified photography is the simplest method of producing drawings. Metric cameras are no longer needed and can be substituted for with simple digital cameras. †¢ The advantage of using photogrammetry is its speed and accuracy, especially over large and complex structures. †¢ Cost will inevitably be one of the deciding factors in choosing between different recording methods, but should not be used to decide the level of survey. The effort needed to get accurate and detailed DEM models by means of photogrammetric procedures only, is considerably high. There are limits on precision based upon a different group of contributing factors, lens distortion, precision of lens focal length measurements, size of photos used. PhotoModeler is an elegant measurement method used in documentation of cultural heritage applications. The shortfalls of this method, mainly associated with limited geometry of areas in the shadow of the object, are more prominent when the object is a large complex form. However its use does not involve large costs or sophisticated equipment, as only a calibrated digital camera is needed. The recent emergence of terrestrial laser scanning has shown that it has the potential to be of major value to the cultural heritage recording professionals. While data collection in this project using the PhotoModeler and Laser scanning methods indicated a small gain in time over laser scanning, the main advantage is the fully automated data capturing process using terrestrial laser scanning. Generally, laser scanning requires viewing the surveyed object from several viewpoints to resolve shadows and occlusions. To achieve the best accuracy in PhotoModeler: 1. Ensure that a well-calibrated camera is used for the project, 2. Use photos with good resolution. 3. Ensure that the angle between the camera stations is as close John Coles,† The Site Record and Publication† Conservation on Archaeological Excavations, Ed.N.P. Sanley Price, ICCROM, pp.59-69, Rome, 1995 Photogrammetric Measurement, Object Modeling and Documentation in Architecture and Industry, Ed. Petros Patias, ISPRS, VOol.XXXII, Thessaloniki, 1999 Documenting the Cultural Heritage Edited by Robin Thornes and John Bold ,Getty Information Institute,1998 MENSI 2001: Mensi training materials, German training course, May 2001. WWW 2001: An extensive collection of links to laser scanner producers and reports about applications in cultural heritage is maintained by the authors at http://scanning.fh-mainz.de -www.international.icomos.org/recording_fre.htm Browning.Iain/ Jerash and the Decapolis/ Chatto Windus.London/ 1982/ (Ds154.9 G47 B76 1982). and Carl H.Kraeling/ Gerasa City of the Decapolis/ Yale University/ Published by the American Schools of Oriental Research/ New Haven, Connecticut/1938. W. Boehler, M. Bordas Vicent, A. Marbs ( Investigatgn Laser Scanner Accuracy , The XIXth CIPA Symposium at Antalya, TURKEY, 2003. Harrison Eiteljorg, How Should We Measure an Ancient Structure?, Nexus Network Journal, vol. 4,no.4(Autumn2002),http://www.nexusjournal.com/Eiteljorg.ht ml) Boehler, W. , Heinz, G., Marbs, A. The Potential of NonContact Close Range Laser Scanners for Culture Heritage Recording,CIPA Working Group VI)2001.

Streams of living water

Streams of living water Gods various gifts are handed out everywhere; but they all originate in Gods Spirit. Gods various ministries are carried out everywhere; but they all originate in Gods Spirit. Gods various expressions of power are in action everywhere; but God himself is behind it all. Each person is given something to do that shows who God is: Everyone gets in on it, everyone benefits. All kinds of things are handed out by the Spirit, and to all kinds of people! The variety is wonderful: . . . .All these gifts have a common origin, but are handed out one by one by the one Spirit of God. He decides who gets what, and when. 1Cor 12:1-11 The world is fractured, splintered, separated by race, gender, social class, wealth and lack of wealth. The body of Christ is likewise fractured, splintered and separated by denominationalism, polity, and tradition. God, however, is a God of unity through diversity and God desires that each persons unique gifting be brought to the table and used for His Glory and the common good of the body. Contemplating this concept the childrens story Stone Soup comes to mind. The legend says that during a time of great famine people hoarded their food and would not share. One day a stranger came to the village and was turned away because no one desired to share their food. He assured them that he had all that he needed and indicated that he was going to make stone soup. He pulled out a pot added water, brought it to a boil and dropped in a huge stone. The people of the village began to gather. The Stranger said some cabbage with stone soup would be hard to beat. Soon a man appeared with a cabbage. Then the stranger said, I remember once having stone soup with cabbage a little salt beef. Then another villager appeared with the beef. And so on the stranger went with potatoes, onion, carrots, until indeed he had made a wonderful delicious stone soup. In many ways the Body of Christ is like the village folk, having gifts or food, hoarding it and not sharing, isolated, alone, and hungry; desiring more. The body of Christ, just like the villagers is driven by selfishness and self preservation, but, it is so limiting, restraining, restrictive, and yes, even divisive. God desires so much more for the Body of Christ. He desires that the body share communally, our gifts, our food, our faith and even our traditions. As the body shares it becomes the better for it. God desires that the body partake of and participate in Streams of Living Water. Richard Fosters does a consummate job of examining what he determined is the six major traditions of spirituality in Christianity: contemplative (prayer-filled life), holiness (virtuous life), charismatic (Spirit-empowered life), social justice (the compassionate life), evangelical (Word-centered life), and incarnational (sacramental life). Each tradition like tributaries that flows to the great Mississippi River represents a stream that should flow into and feed the Body of Christ. The Contemplative Tradition The first stream is the contemplative tradition which highlights the prayer-filled life, yearning for a richer, fuller practice of the presence of God(25). This tradition focuses on ones prayer life drawing one away in solitude. This time of solitude is a time that should precedes public ministry. Before Jesus began his public ministry, before he called the twelve, before he did any miracles he spent time in solitude. Exemplars include; Antony of Egypt, John the apostle, and Frank Laubach. Perhaps, the best summary of the contemplative life is the steady gaze of the soul upon the God of love (49). As one gazes upon God, one becomes beautiful of soul (48). Beautiful of soul is one of the best descriptors of the contemplative tradition. The process to become beautiful of soul is through fire and love which produces these fundamental characteristics or movement; love for God, peace, delight, emptiness, flaming passion, wisdom and transformation. Becoming beautiful of soul produces four strengths in ones Christian walk. The first strength is drawing one back to their first love, it continually calls one back to the beginning. Secondly it demands more than a cerebral ascent, intellectualism will not suffice, and it demands surrender of ones soul. Next it stresses the centrality of prayer with silence it brings the understanding that pray is both essential and primary. Finally, it produces solitariness a consistent ceaseless turning to God and finally aloneness with God. The Holiness Tradition The contemplative life forms the foundation for one to walk in the holiness tradition. This tradition stresses the virtuous life and focuses upon the inward re-formation of the heart and the development of holy habits . . . . the erosion of moral fiber in contemporary society (61). At the core of the holiness tradition is being response-able, able to respond appropriately to the demands of life (82). Holiness is sustained attention to the heart (83). This attention to the heart forms and transforms the personality. It also affirms the sacredness in everything, goodness in the human body. Additionally, holiness is progress in purity. . . .loving unity with God (84). Phenomenons of the Holiness tradition are Phoebe Palmer, James the brother of Jesus, and Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Bonhoeffer as a modern-day example of this tradition gave the body of Christ Stations on the Road to Freedom (72). This poem provides four components of the spiritual life that will give one great freedom. Those components are discipline, action, suffering and death speak indicative of the Holiness Tradition. The Holiness Tradition is about a life that functions as it should. The major strength of this tradition is its emphases: personal transformation, purity of heart, character formation, and growth in grace. These emphases assist in the process of establishing holy habits. The Charismatic Tradition The Holiness Tradition and its holy habits helps the Charismatic Tradition to operate at its best when the two are in tandem. The charismatic tradition promotes the Spirit-empowered life, it focuses upon the empowering charisms or gifts of the Spirit and the nurturing fruit of the Spirit(99). The crux of the charismatic tradition is the fact that, a believer life is not lived under their own strength, but are empowered by the Holy Spirit. Its key representatives are Francis of Assisi, the apostle Paul, and William Seymour. Seymour as a contemporary representative is an insignia of this Tradition. Seymour embodied living his life under the empowerment of the Holy Spirit. Seymour. . . .harnessed the power released in glossolalic worship to break racial, gender, and nationalistic barriers and offer the world a historic opportunity for genuine healing and reconciliation (113). According to Richard Foster, there are no noncharismatic Christian (125). There are four major strengths of the tradition. The first deals with and corrects the believers propensity to domesticate God (129). Secondly, it cuts to the chase weak, ineffective, powerless practices. Third it challenges the body to grow spiritually. Finally, it gives one a gifted, empowered life to witness for the Lord. The charismatic tradition is about a life immersed in, empowered by, and under the direction of the Spirit of God. Its important because through it we are empowered by God to do his work and to evidence his life upon this earth. The Social Justice Tradition As The Charismatic Traditions empowers the believer to do Gods work, The social Justice Tradition stresses the compassionate life that focuses upon justice and shalom in all human relationship and social structures and addresses the gospel imperative for equality and magnanimity among all peoples (137). The Social Justice Traditions embodies Matthew 22:37-40, the love of God and neighbor. This tradition removes barriers, of ethnicity, culture, and class. The Social Justice Tradition is where The Holiness Tradition is brought to bear. Foster chooses John Woolman, the prophet Amos, and Dorothy Day as examples of the Social Justice Movement. John Woolman, a Quaker, was instrumental in the abolition of slavery. Woolmans quest for social justice began early risking, personal wealth, comfort, and friendship. The effect of his message was lived out in his life and mirrored by his denomination. One of the most notable acts of social justice is personified by the North Carolina Friends Yearly Meeting became slave holders so that their members could disentangle themselves from the practice by donating the slaves to the Yearly Meeting. They used a loophole in the law of North Carolina to virtually free slaves who could not actually be free because of the numerous laws to protect the institution of slavery in the state. As an institution the Quakers freed itself from the horrors of slavery and supersede others by instituting reparation to its former slaves. As seen in the life of Woolman the struggle for social justice encroaches upon three areas; personal, social and institutional. The essence of this tradition is embodied in mishpat, hesed, and shalom (167). Justice, compassion, and peace, embody a sense of totality of the human existence. Justice, compassion, and peace are the framework that provides six strengths of the Social Justice traditions. Those strengths are right ordering of society, enhances ecclesiology, bridges personal and social ethics, makes Christian love relevant, provides a basis for ecological concerns, and holds before us the relevance of the impossible ideal (178) The Evangelical Tradition The Social Justice Tradition that allows one to manifest the love of God to hurting humanity presents that one with a unique opportunity to proclaim the word of God. Which segues into the Evangelical Tradition, which focuses on the word-centered life the proclamation of the evangel, the good news of the gospel and addressing the crying need for people to see the good news lived and hear the good news proclaimed (188). The primary thrusts of this tradition are: faithful proclamation of the Gospel, centrality of scripture, and confessional witness (219). The four major strengths of this movement is the call to conversion, discipleship of nations, commitment to biblical authority, and sound doctrine. Foster illustrators are Augustine of Hippo, the apostle Peter, and Billy Graham. Billy Graham is the consummate icon of the Evangelical tradition. Graham was the international organizer of Youth for Christ before emerging as a world evangelist. He preached over three hundred crusades. Graham brought integrity to the ministry of the itinerant evangelist via The Modesto Manifesto (212). Graham advocated cooperating ecumenically which is termed cooperative evangelism (213). Notably, Graham labored for the reconciliation of the races. Equally notable was his use of every form of media for the proclamation of the Gospel. According to Foster, Grahams greatest contribution to The Evangelical Tradition was the training of itinerant evangelist. The Incarnational Tradition The last tradition, the incarnational, stresses the sacramental life and focuses on making present and visible the realm of the invisible spirit, addressing the crying need to experience God as truly manifest and notoriously active in daily life (238) The Incarnational Tradition is practiced by invoking the manifest presence of God into the circumstances, establishing a sacredness of work, and a focus on family life. Its examples are Susanna Wesley, Jesus, Bezalel, and Dag Hammarskjold. Foster selected Susanna Wesley as the historical example because of her immersion in the details of daily life: finding God in the details and serving God through these same details (237). Susanna Wesley exemplified the Incarnational Tradition as mother and educator to nineteen children, most notably John and Charles Wesley. She demonstrated the tradition in the midst of the calamities of life in relationship to her husband, embarrassment of her daughter pregnancy, lost of home via fire, and lack because of her husbands lack financial management. Susanna Wesley in every way exemplifies the Incarnational Tradition. The Incarnational Tradition wrestles with the tension between spiritual and material. The tradition shows the complementary position of the spiritual to the material. There are seven strengths of this tradition. The first, the tradition shows that God is concerned and with the believer in the mundane of earthly living. Secondly, the incarnational tradition delivers the reader from a spirituality that would allow or cause one to divorce from the conundrum of daily living. Third, being incarnational makes daily work meaningful. Fourth, the tradition corrects the Gnostic belief that spiritual thing are wholly good and material things are wholly bad (266). Fifth, the sacramental life draws us God ward. Sixth, the believers becomes a portable sanctuary (267). Finally, the practice of the tradition deepens our stewardship of the earth. THE CONCLUSION The body of Christ is and should be the antithesis of the world. The world is splintered, separated, and divisive. However the body of Christ is called to unity, wholeness. Presently each of the great traditions operates independently, separately, and individually, as though their traditions operate in the totality of Christ. Foster introduces Streams of Living Water by saying the mighty flow of the Spirit is how sovereignly God is bringing together streams of life that have been isolated from one another for a very long time(xv). Foster suggests that each of the streams is the response to or a correction of a teaching or experience that has been neglected. Thus we have the various streams. Paul tells the Church at Ephesus that each individual is not an island unto himself, but that in community they would grow to maturity. Ephesians 4: 26 expresses this concept superbly: For because of Him the whole body (the church, in all its various parts), closely joined and firmly knit together by the joints and ligaments with which it is supplied, when each part [with power adapted to its need] is working properly [in all its functions], grows to full maturity, building itself up in love.(Amp) Just as Paul told the Church at Ephesus they were not islands unto themselves. Foster tells the body of Christ that the Traditions are not islands unto themselves. Foster introduces Streams of Living Water by saying the mighty flow of the Spirit is how sovereignly God is bringing together streams of life that have been isolated from one another for a very long time(xv). Foster suggests that each of the streams is the response to or a correction of a teaching or experience that has been neglected. Thus we have the various streams. However, just as the lakes turn in to tributaries, that run into rivers, that eventually run into the sea. So does the Tradition trace it way back to the three major branches of Christianity; Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, and Eastern Orthodoxy. The three major branches of Christianity finds its way back through Papal Ascendency, Ecumenical Councils, and the Birth of the Church to its fountain head, Jesus Christ. Each of the traditions is a stream that finds its life and meaning in Jesus Christ. However like the villagers in the childrens story Stone Soup each traditions live isolated, insolated, and anemic lives, because it refuses to flow in the fellowship of the spirit and allow each joint to supply. Each stream represents an aspect of the nature of Christ and the call of his body to be in the world while not of it. Every stream is traceable to its source, Jesus Christ the Righteous. Each stream has a contribution that is needed to make the satisfying, edifying Stone Soup of the Body Christ.

Sanitation and Medicine Changes in the Nineteenth Century :: Essays Papers

Sanitation and Medicine Changes in the Nineteenth Century The revolution in sanitation and medicine in the nineteenth century was a huge step forward in the public health movement. It brought about a major shift in the ideas of how individuals fell ill with a particular disease. While people used to think that diseases were sent by gods, they came to realize that illnesses were the result of germs, and could be controlled. There were new ideas about disease, and new discoveries in medicine and surgery that were a benefit to all people. What resulted was a much healthier population overall, from the working class to the upper class. Society used to think that people got sick because of religious reasons. They thought that people would become ill because they had somehow displeased the gods that ruled the earth. In order to restore health, people brought offerings to temples and prayed to the gods. Any "medical" procedures, or procedures that society later considered to be medical, were done not by any rational means, but done because they were parts of superstitious rituals. For example, when a person got a massage, or underwent bloodletting, a spell was said while the procedure was taking place, and the spell was what was considered to be the most essential part, and able to restore the person’s health (Sigerist, pg.132). Although the practice of healing through rituals took place much earlier in history (it began in ancient times), most of society still had not caught on to the idea that dirt and health were related by the beginning of the nineteenth century, and they certainly had not thought of germs yet. People bathed once a week, at most. If skin was covered by an article of clothing, there was no reason for it to be clean. Of this view, Henry E. Sigerist writes, "A woman’s leg clad in silk was attractive, even if it was filthy underneath," (pg. 26). In addition, doctors and other early health professionals had not yet come to realize that their clothes could be a transport for germs from one patient to another. Ann F. la Berge, who wrote about the public health movement in France, pointed out that society, once it began to figure out how germs could be spread, failed to realize that germs could simply be airborne, causing anyone to get sick.

The Witches in MacBeth Essay examples -- Macbeth essays

The Witches in MacBeth      Ã‚   Shakespeare utilized many sources of information when writing his plays.   One of his sources for the witches in MacBeth was almost certainly Reginald Scot's The Discoverie of Witchcraft, published in 1584.   In his book, Scot refuted many of the common notions regarding witches and their powers; nevertheless, the book created a basic outline for the typical witch, including physical descriptions and abilities.   The witches in MacBeth are representations of those described in Scot's book.   In the play, Shakespeare describes authentic witches in their physical appearance and behavior and MacBeth's character is made more villainous through his association with these terrifying figures.    Scot describes witches as being "women which be commonly old, lame, blearie-eied, pale, fowle, and full of wrinkles...They are leane and deformed, shewing melancholie in their faces, to the horror of all that see them" (Scot 4).   Basically, witches were thought to be poor old women with hideous appearances.   Shakespeare obviously picks up on this notion, as the witches in the play are described as ugly old hags.   During their first encounter with MacBeth and Banquo, Banquo is clearly appalled by their appearance and questions whether they are human: "What are these, / So withered, and so wild in their attire, / That look not like th' inhabitants o' th' earth" (1.3.40-42).   From Banquo's description, it seems they are poor, as evidenced by their clothing, and old and unattractive because of their vile and wrinkled appearance.   MacBeth later addresses them as "secret, black, and midnight hags" (4.1.48).   This phrase also suggests that they are old and ugl y women.   Thus, these women fit th... ...ers.   MacBeth is the only character to become closely associated with the witches.   He acts on their revelations of the future, whereas Banquo does not.   In allying MacBeth with the witches, Shakespeare makes MacBeth seem even more evil.   After all, the witches are the devil's servants, and by associating with the witches, he is indirectly associated with Satan.   Therefore, it would have been very easy for Shakespeare's audience to find him just as appalling as the witches themselves.   Thus, one of the reasons for writing the witches into the play was to make MacBeth a more despicable villain.    Works Cited Scot, Reginald. The Discoverie of Witchcraft. Montague Summers Ed. Dover Publications: New York,   Ã‚  Ã‚   1972. Shakespeare, William. MacBeth. Barbara Mowat and Paul Werstine Ed. Washington Square Press: New   Ã‚  Ã‚   York, 1992.

As We Acquire More Knowledge Essay

As we tend to know more about something we tend to take things to another level. This could be challenging for some and for some it may be the thing they were looking for. I agree to an extent that as we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious. However, it highly depends from person to person, the type of knowledge we acquire and lastly the way in which we acquire that knowledge. Going the extra mile for some may be challenging and for some it may be their start of interest. It depends on the type of person you are, whether you are someone who likes challenges or whether you are someone who is afraid to go an extra step into exploring more and more knowledge. For most people acquiring more knowledge may be mysterious because in the end of the day you are putting your shoes in a different zone. This zone might be a zone where you are not comfortable in or a zone where you have not been in there before. For example, studying about a different element that you may have heard of but have not yet gone deep into. Knowledge for some may start to get complex but this is because you end up in a zone you were not in before. However, for some they would not see this as a challenge or complex, but more of the fun they were looking for. Secondly, this depends on the type of knowledge you try and acquire. Some knowledge might require more effort to be put into it and some may require less. For example, if we were to acquire knowledge about something we have been acquiring for a long time, then our sources for this type of knowledge would be easily gathered. However, if the knowledge we try and acquire is new, then it is likely that we will find challenges in finding more information or collecting about it. It also depends on what the knowledge is about. For some, obtaining a certain type of knowledge is an easy task to get a hold of and this may be because the person has experience in this field. Lastly, it highly depends on how we acquire information or the process of acquiring knowledge. How we acquire knowledge depends on several factors such as: knowing a reliable source to get information from, the way this knowledge is been delivered and how interpret it. Having a reliable source to acquire knowledge may be the start of how we can overcome complexity. This is because our source leads us to many materials that we can use to secure more knowledge. The way we are given this source or taught this knowledge also plays a big roll in complexity. For example, if we were taught bad habits in gathering knowledge or the way this knowledge is been taught to us to be dull then we will struggle with acquiring more knowledge. It also depends on how we interpret this knowledge. If we interpret this knowledge with a lot of excitement and concern then it is most likely that we are not going to find problems along the way. In conclusion, as we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and mysterious to some extent. This is because this it depends on the type of person you are, the form of knowledge you are obtaining and lastly the process of gathering knowledge.